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〕 | synonyms = ''Ficus obliqua'' var. ''obliqua'' ''Ficus backhousei'' ''Ficus eugenioides'' ''Ficus tryonii'' ''Ficus virginea'' ''Urostigma backhousei'' ''Urostigma eugenioides'' ''Urostigma obliquum'' | synonyms_ref = 〔 }} ''Ficus obliqua'', commonly known as the small-leaved fig, is a tree in the family Moraceae, native to eastern Australia, New Guinea, eastern Indonesia to Sulawesi and islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Previously known for many years as ''Ficus eugenioides'', it is a banyan of the genus ''Ficus'', which contains around 750 species worldwide in warm climates, including the edible fig (''Ficus carica''). Beginning life as a seedling, which grows on other plants (epiphyte) or on rocks (lithophyte), ''F. obliqua'' can grow to high and nearly as wide with a pale grey buttressed trunk, and glossy green leaves. The small round yellow fruit ripen and turn red at any time of year, although they peak in autumn and winter (April to July). Known as a syconium, the fruit is an inverted inflorescence with the flowers lining an internal cavity. ''Ficus obliqua'' is pollinated by two species of fig wasp—''Pleistodontes greenwoodi'' and ''P. xanthocephalus''. Many species of bird, including pigeons, parrots and various passerines, eat the fruit. The range is along the east coast from Queensland, through New South Wales in rainforest, savanna woodland, sclerophyll forest and gallery forest. It is used as a shade tree in parks and public spaces, and is well-suited for use as an indoor plant or in bonsai. All parts of the tree have been used in traditional medicine in Fiji. == Taxonomy == Commonly known as the small-leaved fig, ''Ficus obliqua'' was described by German naturalist Georg Forster in 1786 based on type material collected in Vanuatu. Dutch botanist Friedrich Miquel described ''Urostigma eugenioides'' from Albany Island in Queensland in 1861, which was reclassified by Victorian Government Botanist Ferdinand von Mueller as ''Ficus eugenioides'' in 1867, and it was known as this for many years. However, as Forster's name is older, it takes precedence. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective ''obliquus'', meaning "oblique", although the attribute it refers to is unclear. Frederick Manson Bailey described ''Ficus tryonii'' in 1906, from a collection at altitude on Middle Percy Island in the Whitsunday Islands off central Queensland, which is now regarded as ''F. obliqua''. Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander collected and named ''Ficus virginea'' from Booby Island in 1770, which was synonymised with ''F. obliqua'' by William Philip Hiern in 1901. The species is currently regarded as monotypic. Three varieties of ''Ficus obliqua'' were recognised until 2001—''F. obliqua'' var. ''petiolaris'', ''F. obliqua'' var. ''obliqua'', and ''F. obliqua'' var. ''puberula'' from Western Australia. A revision of the group led to the conclusion that ''F. obliqua'' var. ''petiolaris'' belonged in the species ''F. rubiginosa''. ''F. obliqua'' var. ''puberula'' was found to be more distantly related to ''obliqua'' than ''rubiginosa'' and hence has been reclassified as a separate species, ''Ficus brachypoda''. With over 750 species, ''Ficus'' is one of the largest angiosperm genera. Based on morphology, English botanist E. J. H. Corner divided the genus into four subgenera, which was later expanded to six. In this classification, ''Ficus obliqua'' was placed in subseries ''Malvanthereae'', series ''Malvanthereae'', section ''Malvanthera'' of the subgenus ''Urostigma''. In his reclassification of the Australian ''Malvanthera'', Australian botanist Dale J. Dixon altered the delimitations of the series within the section, but left this species in the series ''Malvanthereae''.〔 In a study published in 2008, Nina Rønsted and colleagues analysed the DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacers (ITS and ETS), and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3pdh) region, in the first molecular analysis of the section ''Malvanthera''. They found ''F. obliqua'' to be most closely related to three species of the arid Northern Territory (''F. platypoda'', ''F. subpuberula'' and ''F. lilliputiana'') and classified it in a new series ''Obliquae'' in the subsection ''Platypodeae''. The species had remained a transitional rainforest species while its relatives radiated into dryer regions.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ficus obliqua」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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